Ensuring there's enough fuel on board to reach the destination safely is a critical part of the flight. From a business point of view, optimizing fuel amount on each flight can help save costs, allowing airlines to enjoy increased profitability.
Read more: Things Every Pilot Should Know About Fuel Planning
Fatigue poses a significant safety risk in military and civil aviation. Besides decreasing in-flight performance, fatigue, reported by 78% of airline pilots, can lead to accidents that can result in substantial damage in terms of aviator wreckage and lost lives.
Read more: Fatigue in Aviation: Safety Risks, Preventive Strategies
Flight Director is one of the many aviator instruments that aid pilots in the decision-making process when flying. It's particularly responsible for trajectory maintenance of turbine-powered equipment but can also be found in many glass-panel installations designed to improve pilots' hand-flying accuracy.
Read more: What Is Flight Director System: Three Important Facts
Pilots often face situations where they have to touch down in bad meteorology. An ILS (Instrument Landing System) guides the aviators in low visibility and night conditions during landing.
Read more: ILS: Everything You Need To Know About Instrument Landing Systems
Minimum altitudes refer to calculations made in relation to the highest obstacle or terrain within a particular area, allowing adding a specified margin or buffering for error. Figures associated with controlled airspace are typically available in the Aeronautical Information Publications of each state.